For 1 teaspoon baking powder substitute 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar.

For 1 cup buttermilk substitute 1 cup whole milk plus 1 tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice.

For 1 cup catsup substitute 1 (8 oz.) can tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup brown sugar and 2 tablespoon vinegar.

For 1 square chocolate, 3/4 tablespoon cocoa plus 1 tablespoon butter. For 1 tablespoon cornstarch substitute 2 tablespoon all purpose flour.

For 1 cup corn syrup substitute 1 1/4 cups sugar plus 1/4 cup liquid. For 1 cup cream (heavy) substitute 3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup butter.

For 1 cup honey substitute 1 1/4 cup sugar plus 1/4 cup liquid. For 1 cup sour cream (for cooking) substitute 1 tablespoon lemon juice added to enough evaporated milk to make a cup.

For 2 cups tomato sauce substitute 2/3 cup tomato paste and 1 cup water. For 1 cup cake flour substitute 7/8 cup all purpose flour plus 1 tablespoon cornstarch.