Heat butter, olive oil, red pepper flakes and crushed black pepper in a skillet over low heat. Add garlic and anchovies and mash to a paste with a fork as they become tender. Season with salt or parmesan cheese if desired.
Use for dipping vegetables or as a side dressing for antipasto.
Can be used as a sauce for pasta (add more Parmesan cheese). Add lightly steamed broccoli chunks to pasta/noodles and top with Bagna Cauda for a wonderful side dish.